Kubernetes安装步骤
kubernetes install
前置知识点
生产环境部署k8s 集群有两种模式
- kubeadm: Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群
- 二进制包: 从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很多工作原理,也利于后期维护
k8s 各种组件
环境
安装要求
机器(aliyun)
- 172.26.3.200(centos 7.8 2c4g) k8s-master 11
- 172.26.3.201(centos 7.8 2c4g) k8s-node1 227
- 172.26.3.202(centos 7.8 2c4g) k8s-node2 185
环境准备
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.26.3.200 k8s-master
172.26.3.201 k8s-node01
172.26.3.200 k8s-node02
EOF
将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链,并调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
更新内核
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
#安装内核
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt
查看当前的所有内核版本
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg | grep menuentry
查看当前启动内核版本
grub2-editenv list
修改启动内核版本,设置开机从新内核启动
grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (5.4.108-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)'
#注意:设置完内核后,需要重启服务器才会生效。
#查询内核
uname -r
部署 Etcd 集群
Etcd节点分配
- 172.26.3.200 etcd1
- 172.26.3.201 etcd2
- 172.26.3.202 etcd3
准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用。 找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
生成Etcd证书
创建工作目录
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
自签CA
- ca-config.json
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
- ca-csr.json
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"172.26.3.200",
"172.26.3.201",
"172.26.3.202"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
从Github下载二进制文件
下载地址: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.15/etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz
部署Etcd集群
以下在节点1上操作,为简化操作,待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.26.3.200:2380,etcd-2=https://172.26.3.201:2380,etcd-3=https://172.26.3.202:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
说明:
- ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
- ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
- ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
- ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
- ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
- ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
拷贝刚才生成的证书
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.26.3.201:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.26.3.201:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.26.3.202:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.26.3.202:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处,节点2改为etcd-2,节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.26.3.200:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.26.3.200:2380,etcd-2=https://172.26.3.201:2380,etcd-3=https://172.26.3.202:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
注:节点2,节点3按照上面操作修改完配置文件后,请执行上面第5步,启动Etcd并设置开机启动
查看集群状态,如果和下面显示一样,说明集群部署成功
[root@k8s-master ~]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://172.26.3.200:2379,https://172.26.3.201:2379,https://172.26.3.202:2379" endpoint health
https://172.26.3.200:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.304973ms
https://172.26.3.202:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.072233ms
https://172.26.3.201:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 13.895536ms
安装 docker
以下操作在所有节点操作
yum 安装 docker(和下面的二进制安装 docker 二选一即可)
sudo yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-nightly
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
二进制安装 docker
下载二进制 docker 包, 然后解压
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://kvtfrwwp.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
注:registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器,根据自己的需要换成自己的
启动docker并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
部署Master Node
生成kube-apiserver证书
进入到相应工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s #此目录上面已经创建了
自签证书颁发机构(CA)
- ca-config.json
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
- ca-csr.json
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
-
创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "kubernetes", "hosts": [ "10.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1", "172.26.3.200", "172.26.3.201", "172.26.3.202", "172.26.3.203", "172.26.3.204", "172.26.3.205", "kubernetes", "kubernetes.default", "kubernetes.default.svc", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF
注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP
-
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server ls server*pem server-key.pem server.pem
下载二进制包
下载页面:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.19.md#v1199 有很多包,找对应平台的 server包即可
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.19.9/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
部署kube-apiserver
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://172.26.3.200:2379,https://172.26.3.201:2379,https://172.26.3.202:2379 \\
--bind-address=172.26.3.200 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=172.26.3.200 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注:
- –logtostderr:启用日志
- —v:日志等级
- –log-dir:日志目录
- –etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
- –bind-address:监听地址
- –secure-port:https安全端口
- –advertise-address:集群通告地址
- –allow-privileged:启用授权
- –service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
- –enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
- –authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
- –enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
- –token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
- –service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
- –kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
- –tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
- –etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
- –audit-log-xxx:审计日志
- 拷贝刚才生成的证书
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书
a. 创建上述配置文件中token文件
shell cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF 3250cbe3576f5ab28ff4a46d9ecd129b,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper" EOF
格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
token也可自行生成替换
shell head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
部署kube-controller-manager
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
- –master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
- –leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
- –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver保持一致
systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
部署kube-scheduler
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
- –master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
- –leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
查看集群状态
如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
部署Worker Node
创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master节点拷贝
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝
部署kubelet
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
- –hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
- –network-plugin:启用CNI
- –kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
- –bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书
- –config:配置参数文件
- –cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
- –pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像
配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.26.3.200:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="3250cbe3576f5ab28ff4a46d9ecd129b" # 与token.csv里保持一致
# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件路径
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
# 查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-NsZ_wMt-h0zEQBpFhF9mAZ_Qme0GA-js43LpWNqwzrU 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-NsZ_wMt-h0zEQBpFhF9mAZ_Qme0GA-js43LpWNqwzrU
# 查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady <none> 7s v1.18.3
注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
部署kube-proxy
创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
- 切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s
- 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
- 生成kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.26.3.200:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
- 拷贝到配置文件指定路径
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
- 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
部署CNI网络
先准备好 CNI二进制包
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录
mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
部署CNI网络
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-rc2#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
注:默认镜像地址无法访问,修改为docker hub镜像仓库 部署好网络插件,如下显示正常。
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-f58vw 1/1 Running 0 44s
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 96m v1.19.9
授权apiserver访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
新增加Worker Node
拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点 172.26.3.201/202
# k8s-node1
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@172.26.3.201:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@172.26.3.201:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@172.26.3.201:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@172.26.3.201:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
# k8s-node2
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@172.26.3.202:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@172.26.3.202:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ root@172.26.3.202:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@172.26.3.202:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除重新生成
修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro
查看Node状态
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 15h v1.19.9
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 13h v1.19.9
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 13h v1.19.9
Node2(172.26.3.202 )节点同上。记得修改主机名
部署Dashboard和CoreDNS
部署Dashboard
下载 yaml 文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.2.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部
vi recommended.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
部署 dashboard
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
查看dashboard信息
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx 1/1 Running 0 2m19s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.141 <none> 8000/TCP 2m19s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.239 <none> 443:30001/TCP 2m19s
访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001 (chrome 不支持自签证书,需要使用 firefox 访问)
创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用输出的token登录Dashboard
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkNERFlwZnp1QmI5enhzVEozMnMybWZ4OEtMU1FLUWVjd1FJQ0ZlOURQbUUifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJkYXNoYm9hcmQtYWRtaW4tdG9rZW4tOTVqOTQiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC5uYW1lIjoiZGFzaGJvYXJkLWFkbWluIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQudWlkIjoiMjliZmI2ODktY2FkOS00NmI3LWJkZjctZjQ3ZWYzNmZlMmE3Iiwic3ViIjoic3lzdGVtOnNlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Omt1YmUtc3lzdGVtOmRhc2hib2FyZC1hZG1pbiJ9.JqpIqrvTRcCBdd4pKTqUyaj91Y7jvWm8nX8X5ozdz-kKfyaQzb_MAq029fwLLK2i19hPqK5sGG9_vPsuHqEcP07dwtmqAsSNeFS0wXeFob-d9rwmtR1_6V5ulxgTzAJoG4qja23iehqpCrNJs8sa_ffNSR6huzFTG2ZDcHr1RN1zBfXXzsEmlu3eTlXj1cqg4kG-CRdOHGb7UDfUopLTOoe1_l0IE6J30gdQbaXthkGlw2paNwnLnDH_6i69B1ftvunh_Ev447UZ5mTkR9ZX4-ryZy7PwEMxbMFJaGqCUmp9DYRNesHlXXCbxq47sXoK46MkgTVv8RWd8xA3YOcZEQ
部署CoreDNS
准备 coredns.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coredns/deployment/master/kubernetes/coredns.yaml.sed
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coredns/deployment/master/kubernetes/deploy.sh
chmod +x deploy.sh
./deploy.sh -i 10.96.0.10 > coredns.yaml #deploy.sh 需要 jq 工具,如果提示没有请安装`yum -y install jq`
部署 coredns
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml# 查看kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
kubectl get svc --namespace kube-system
DNS解析测试
kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh